HIS HISTORY AS A BRITISH COLONY

From the 16th century, several European powers, as Portugal, the Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom, established commercial positions and later they took advantage of the internal conflicts to establish colonies in the country. For 1856, most of the India was under the control of the British Company of the East Indies.One year later, a national insurrection of military units and rebellious kingdoms, known as the " First war of independence India " or the " Riot sepoy ", they defied seriously the control of the company, though finally they were defeated. As result of the instability, the India was taken under the direct control of the British Crown.

In the 20th century, a national fight for the independence was encouraged by the National Indian Congress and other political organizations.The leading Indian Mahatma Gandhi concentrated to million persons in several national campaigns of civil disobedience under a politics of not violence. On August 15, 1947, India obtained the independence of the British domain, at the same time as the zones of Moslem majority separate to form an independent condition, Pakistan. On January  1950, the India turned into a republic and a new Constitution came into force.

From the independence, the India has faced several problems of religious violence, clasismo, the movement naxalita, the terrorism and the insurgencias of the separatist regions, specially in Jammu, Kashmir and the North-East of India. From the decade of 1990 the terrorist assaults have concerned many Indian cities. El País newspaper could not have solved territorial disputas with China, which in 1962 Chinese - indies took to the war; and with Pakistan, which resulted in several wars in 1947, 1965, 1971 and 1999. India was one of the founders of the United Nations Organization (as British India) and of the Movement of Not aligned Countries. In 1974, India realized an underground nuclear test and in 1998 other five tests, turning it into a nuclear State.

From beginnings of 1991, important economic reforms have been transforming the India into one of the economies of more rapid growth into the world, increasing his global influence.